"V GLUCAN" is a product composed of nitric oxide releasing agent and β-1,3/1,6-glucan. By releasing "nitric oxide", it expands biological blood vessels and brings nutrients into the body more quickly.

"V GLUCAN" can accelerate growth, enhance immunity and reduce diseases through nitric oxide and GLUCAN.

Three Major Benefits of Nitric Oxide in Fish Aquaculture

1. Disease Suppression
Nitric oxide activates the immune system through signal transduction, helping suppress viral replication in fish, such as Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) and Viral Haemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV). This reduces the harm caused by diseases to aquatic animals.
References:
(1) Zhu W., Su J. Immune Functions of Phagocytic Blood Cells in Teleost. Rev. Aquac. 2022;14:630–646. doi: 10.1111/RAQ.12616.
(2) Vaz, Mariana et al. Early Immune Modulation in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles in Response to Betanodavirus Infection. Fishes. 2022; 7(2): 63. doi: 10.3390/fishes7020063.
(3) Tafalla C, Figueras A, Novoa B. Role of nitric oxide on the replication of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1999 Dec 30;72(3-4):249-56. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00109-9.

2. Accelerated Development
Nitric oxide promotes the development of neural and vascular systems in fish. It dilates blood vessels, enhancing nutrient circulation throughout the body, and activates developmental signaling via signal transduction. This boosts growth rates and helps reduce aquaculture costs.
References:
(1) Locascio A et al. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13):11182. doi: 10.3390/ijms241311182.
(2) Pelster B., Grillitsch S., Schwerte T. NO as a Mediator during the Early Development of the Cardiovascular System in the Zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2005;142:215–220. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.05.036.

3. Stress Reduction
Nitric oxide helps reduce fish stress responses to osmotic changes (e.g., heavy rain or drought), hypoxia, and temperature extremes. It lowers environmental stress, allowing fish to grow more healthily and improving the resilience of aquaculture systems.
References:
(1) Cioni C., Angiulli E., Toni M. Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019;20:489. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030489.
(2) Peter M.C.S. et al. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide System as a Biomarker for Stress and Ease Response in Fish: Implication on Na+ Homeostasis During Hypoxia. Front. Physiol. 2022;13:795. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.821300.
(3) Filice M. et al. Hypoxic and Thermal Stress: Many Ways Leading to the NOS/NO System in the Fish Heart. Antioxidants. 2021;10:1401. doi: 10.3390/antiox10091401.

 Why Use Nitric Oxide?

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, fat-soluble molecule with a free radical nature, allowing it to easily cross cell membranes and act as a powerful signaling molecule. It plays a key role in triggering immune defenses.

Many pathogens block the body’s NO production to evade immunity. When this happens, external nitric oxide is needed to reactivate the immune system. Traditional NO donors (like SNP and GSNO) are expensive and environmentally persistent, limiting their use in aquaculture.

However, new external NO sources can bypass these limitations—helping fight pathogens, reactivating immune enzymes (NOS), and boosting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ultimately improving fish health and survival.

Benefits of β-1,3/1,6-glucan for aquaculture
(1) Improve immunity
(2)Promote growth
(3) Increase the richness of gut flora
(4) Reduce disease

"V GLUCAN" can be mixed with feed, biological agents and other additives.

V GLUCAN utilizes the release of nitric oxide to improve shrimp vitality.

(Both CERES and V GLUCAN can release nitric oxide.)

Shrimp caught from the breeding pond can directly test the effect of V GLUCAN.